Taxonomy
Scientific name
Authority
Synonyms
Common names
Taxonomic sources
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Identification Information
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Taxonomic notes
Assessment Information
- IUCN Red List Category and Criteria
- Least Concern ver 3.1
- Assessment language
- English
- Year published
- 2019
- Date assessed
- 2018-12-13 00:00:00 UTC
Previously published Red List assessments
Regional assessments
Reviewer(s)
Contributor(s)
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Assessor(s)
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Facilitator(s) / Compiler(s)
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Partner(s) / Institution(s)
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Authority / Authorities
Geographic Range
Native
Extant (resident)
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Extant
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Population
Caranx sexfasciatus is widespread and although the population size is not known as a whole, it is thought to be locally abundant in some areas of its range. However, due to the importance of this species as a food source, it may be declining in population as a result of fishing.
Arabian Gulf Population estimates for Caranx sexfasciatus in the Arabian Gulf are limited.
FAO Global Capture Production
In 2000, 52 tonnes of Caranx sexfasciatus were collected by Saudi Arabian fisheries. In 2003, 21 tonnes were collected and was followed by an increase to 115 tonnes in 2004. In 2005, catch totals decreased substantially to 11 tonnes. Between 2006-2011, catch totals increased with three consecutive years (2009-2011) collecting 150 tonnes.
Smith and Heemstra (1986) noted Caranx sexfasciatus as the most common Caranx species off South Africa.
Galapagos islands
Caranx sexfasciatus is common in waters of the Galapagos islands (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). This species is locally abundant around offshore islands.
Arabian Gulf Population estimates for Caranx sexfasciatus in the Arabian Gulf are limited.
FAO Global Capture Production
In 2000, 52 tonnes of Caranx sexfasciatus were collected by Saudi Arabian fisheries. In 2003, 21 tonnes were collected and was followed by an increase to 115 tonnes in 2004. In 2005, catch totals decreased substantially to 11 tonnes. Between 2006-2011, catch totals increased with three consecutive years (2009-2011) collecting 150 tonnes.
Smith and Heemstra (1986) noted Caranx sexfasciatus as the most common Caranx species off South Africa.
Galapagos islands
Caranx sexfasciatus is common in waters of the Galapagos islands (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). This species is locally abundant around offshore islands.
Habitat and Ecology
Freshwater (=Inland waters)|Marine
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This species is mostly found over coral and rocky reef complexes as adults, but is known to move into inshore areas in sandy bays and lagoons in small numbers (Hamilton and Walter 1999). Juveniles inhabit more inshore, shallower waters around the coastlines, often venturing into lagoons, tidal flats, mangrove zones (González Acost and De La Cruz Agüero 2004) and estuaries (Whitfield and Harrison 2003), as well as penetrating well into the upper reaches of rivers (Allen and Midley, 2002).
The species has been reported in pelagic open ocean settings, milling around stationary buoys, indicating the species may follow floating debris far out to sea (Fedoryako 1988). It also is known to be a schooling fish, with aggregations consisting of more than 1500 fish (Sala, 2003).
Arabian GulfCaranx sexfasciatus is pelagic and inhabits coastal and oceanic waters (Chan et al. 1974). Juvenile Caranx sexfasciatus commonly occur in estuaries and even enter fresh water (Randall 1995). Adult Caranx sexfasciatus occur mostly on coral reefs (Carpenter et al. 1997), where they form large, semi-stationary schools in passes or the outer reef during the day. Individuals feed at night or during twilight periods (Randall 1995). Caranx sexfasciatus diet consists of crustaceans and fishes (Chan et al. 1974). The maximum recorded total length (TL) is 120 cm (Frimodt 1995). Courtship has been observed at dusk, where pairs swim together with the male assuming black coloration (Randall 1995). The mean length at first maturity (sex unknown) is 30 cm (Tharwat and Al-Gaber 2006).
The species has been reported in pelagic open ocean settings, milling around stationary buoys, indicating the species may follow floating debris far out to sea (Fedoryako 1988). It also is known to be a schooling fish, with aggregations consisting of more than 1500 fish (Sala, 2003).
Arabian GulfCaranx sexfasciatus is pelagic and inhabits coastal and oceanic waters (Chan et al. 1974). Juvenile Caranx sexfasciatus commonly occur in estuaries and even enter fresh water (Randall 1995). Adult Caranx sexfasciatus occur mostly on coral reefs (Carpenter et al. 1997), where they form large, semi-stationary schools in passes or the outer reef during the day. Individuals feed at night or during twilight periods (Randall 1995). Caranx sexfasciatus diet consists of crustaceans and fishes (Chan et al. 1974). The maximum recorded total length (TL) is 120 cm (Frimodt 1995). Courtship has been observed at dusk, where pairs swim together with the male assuming black coloration (Randall 1995). The mean length at first maturity (sex unknown) is 30 cm (Tharwat and Al-Gaber 2006).
Classification scheme
| Habitats | Suitability | Major importance |
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Threats
This species is of varying importance to both commercial and recreational fisheries throughout its range, with the large school sizes allowing for large catches in some regions. In many regions the species is lumped with other jacks in fishery statistics, and therefore worldwide catch is nearly impossible to estimate. Although this species is harvested in the wild, it may also be bred in captivity.
Arabian Gulf
Caranx sexfasciatus is caught by hook and line (mostly using lights at night over the reef), gillnets, and purse seines (Carpenter et al. 1997) and is marketed fresh, dried or salted (Chan et al. 1974) and frozen (Smith-Vaniz 1995). Caranx sexfasciatus is consumed broiled and baked (Frimodt 1995).
Arabian Gulf
Caranx sexfasciatus is caught by hook and line (mostly using lights at night over the reef), gillnets, and purse seines (Carpenter et al. 1997) and is marketed fresh, dried or salted (Chan et al. 1974) and frozen (Smith-Vaniz 1995). Caranx sexfasciatus is consumed broiled and baked (Frimodt 1995).
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This species is harvested by artisinal fisheries as a food source, however there is no evidence for a significant decline in the population. There are no other known major threats for this species.
Arabian Gulf
Caranx sexfasciatus is harvested for human consumption (Chan et al. 1974). There are no other known major threats to Caranx sexfasciatus.
Arabian Gulf
Caranx sexfasciatus is harvested for human consumption (Chan et al. 1974). There are no other known major threats to Caranx sexfasciatus.
Classification scheme
Threats
| title | scope | timing | score | severity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Use trade
This species is of varying importance to both commercial and recreational fisheries throughout its range, with the large school sizes allowing for large catches in some regions. In many regions the species is lumped with other jacks in fishery statistics, and therefore worldwide catch is nearly impossible to estimate. Although this species is harvested in the wild, it may also be bred in captivity.
Arabian Gulf
Caranx sexfasciatus is caught by hook and line (mostly using lights at night over the reef), gillnets, and purse seines (Carpenter et al. 1997) and is marketed fresh, dried or salted (Chan et al. 1974) and frozen (Smith-Vaniz 1995). Caranx sexfasciatus is consumed broiled and baked (Frimodt 1995).
Arabian Gulf
Caranx sexfasciatus is caught by hook and line (mostly using lights at night over the reef), gillnets, and purse seines (Carpenter et al. 1997) and is marketed fresh, dried or salted (Chan et al. 1974) and frozen (Smith-Vaniz 1995). Caranx sexfasciatus is consumed broiled and baked (Frimodt 1995).
Text summary
There are no species-specific conservation measures in place for Caranx sexfasciatus, however its distribution range overlaps a number of marine protected area.